Abstract: In recent years, new standards in cosmetic dentistry are used to improve the aesthetics of the face and smile. The hyaluronic acid has a wide spectrum of biological activity in dentistry. It is used in case of inflammation of the gums, in periodontal treatment, but also in implantology, after the extraction of teeth and in other procedures in dental surgery.

Abstract: Anatomical abnormalities and other pathologies of the oral cavity may have a potential influence on the deteriorated quality of breathing. The consequences of this condition may vary – from daily fatigue, to a series of pathological dependencies, to the shortening of the patient’s life. Multidisciplinary dental treatment (orthodontic and surgical) may effectively impact the improvement of unfavourable breathing parameters.

Abstract: The development of dentistry requires nowadays the establishment of the optimal model of multispecialist cooperation. The most common (academic centres) model is the interdisciplinary model with the consultation-based system. The model of interdisciplinary treatment comprising the preparation and successful implementation of a uniform treatment plan seems to be optimal thanks the therapeutic effects for a given patient. The implementation of this model is, however, difficult as it is accompanied by many organisational challenges.

Abstract: Pocket probing is one of the basic forms of examination in dentistry. However, its accuracy and reproducibility are affected by many factors, like the force of probing. The following two tests are used in the teaching of proper probing techniques: the nail and subnail force probing tests.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the nail and subnail force probing tests in the teaching of correct probing techniques. The study involved 101 students of the Pomeranian Medical University. The nail and subnail force probing tests were used to evaluate whether the force of pressure corresponded to the recommended value of 20 g. The examined subjects performed the nail tests with the average force M = 28.2 g, and subnail tests with the force M = 27.5 g. It was demonstrated that women conducted the two tests with lower pressure than men; moreover, fifth year students completed the subnail test with a lower force than third year students. The experiment did not reveal which of the tests was more accurate in the determination of the desired force of probing. The nail and subnail tests are useful in the teaching of the force of probing, yet both of them should be complemented with exercises using electronic scales and probes with constant pressure.

Abstract: This literature review provides a description of the physicochemical properties of different MTA-based formulations.

The second part of the paper presents the physical characteristics of MTA such as mechanical strength, bonding strength with dental tissues and marginal integrity. The latest MTA-based materials are also presented in the article.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present methods of treatment of pulp diseases in deciduous teeth. A review of available therapeutic agents and above-standard instruments is also presented. The literature review includes a description of measures used in medicine and dentistry for many years. Additionally, papers on the latest and less popular instruments and formulations are quoted. Photographs taken during treatment of a deciduous molar using the method of complete pulp amputation (pulpotomy), alongside radiographs presenting the course of pulpectomy, are included.

Abstract: Introduction: There are about 285 million people with vision dysfunctions living in the world today. The aim of this article is to present, based on contemporary literature, the condition of oral hygiene in the visually impaired and the blind, considering the information about applied methods of oral cavity cleaning and comparing the obtained data with a population of healthy subjects.

Material and method: On the basis of the PubMed database, a literature review was conducted using the following keywords: “oral hygiene” and “visually impaired”. Seventeen papers published in the period 2000–2016 were selected. 

Conclusions: Oral hygiene condition in the people with vision dysfunctions may be considered sufficient, yet not satisfactory. However, an insignificant number of publications dealing with this subject matter make it impossible to determine the profile of oral hygiene in this group of people to a full extent. Conducting further studies in this respect is required.

Abstract: A gingival biotype assessment prior to orthodontic treatment seems to be a matter of utmost importance in patients with gingival recessions and reduced width of keratinized gingiva, as orthodontic movement of teeth may influence the position of surrounding soft tissues.

The aim of this part of the article was to evaluate the contemporary knowledge on the diagnostic criteria and main causes for the occurrence of the most prevalent mucogingival problems. The role of orthodontic treatment as a possible contributing factor to gingival recession development was also described.

Abstract: Psychological stress plays an important role in everyday life of people living in the contemporary world. Long-term exposure to stress factors, accompanied by the lack of abilities of coping with stress, makes some pathological conditions of the oral mucosa occur more frequently and preserve longer. It is often very difficult to find the cause of these pathological conditions, which may be recurrent and hard to treat. There are multiple methods of diagnosing stress levels and coping with stress. They may be very helpful in the diagnostic process of the patients who suffer from oral mucosal diseases. It is very important to understand that stress may be a very important aetiological factor in case of many oral conditions.